Extreme Motorsport

Motorsport is the group of competitive events which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition. MotoSport refers to motorcycle racing specifically and includes off-road racing such as motocross.

Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. Speedway motorcycle use only one gear and have no brakes and racing takes place on a flat oval track usually consisting of dirt, loosely packed shale, or dolomite. Competitors use this surface to slide their machines sideways, powersliding or broadsiding into the bends. On the straight sections of the track the motorcycles reach speeds of up 70 miles per hour (110 km/h).

The exact origins of the sport are unknown but there is evidence of a type of speedway racing being practised in the USA before the First World War and in Australia in the late 1910s and early 1920s. There are now both domestic and international competitions in a number of countries including the speedway world cup whilst the highest overall scoring individual in the speedway grand prix events is pronounced the world champion. Speedway is popular in central and northern europe and to a lesser extent in Australia and North America.

Motorcycle racing (also called moto racing and bike racing) is a motorcycle sport of racing motorcycles. Major genres include road racing and off road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.

Motocross is a form of motorcycle racing held on enclosed off-road circuits. The sport evolved from motorcycle trials competitions held in the United Kingdom. Motocross is a physically demanding sport held in all-weather conditions.

Freestyle Motocross (also known as FMX) is a variation on the sport of motocross in which motorcycle riders attempt to impress judges with jumps and stunts.

The two main types of freestyle events are:

• Big Air (also known as Best Trick), in which each rider gets two jumps 
• Freestyle Motocross, the older of the two disciplines. Riders perform two routines, lasting between 90 seconds and 14 minutes.

Cliff diving

Cliff diving from any height can't be called safe -- it's one of the most dangerous extreme sports. In fact, official tourism sites of popular cliff diving destinations don't promote the activity. 
Cliff diving puts tremendous stresses on your body. If you jump from 20 feet (6 meters) above the water, you'll hit the water at 25 mph (40 kph) -- the impact is strong enough to compress your spine, break bones or give you a concussion. But that's only if you enter feet-first in a straight, vertical line -- a horizontal, or "pancake," landing is like hitting concrete. Halving the height of the jump to 10 feet (3 meters), as mentioned earlier, reduces your speed of impact to 17 mph (27 kph), and even cars sustain damage when hit at that speed.

Competitive cliff divers dive from heights of 59 to 85 feet (18-26 meters), but professional show divers in Acapulco, the La Quebrada Cliff Divers, sometimes jump from 148 feet (45 meters) above the water. These show divers survive to dive another day because they've trained for years, are familiar with the area and adjust their dives according to fluctuating wave and water conditions. But even they occasionally sustain injuries.

Tips :

• Start low and slow. Before you head to the cliffs, practice the pencil dive from high-dive platforms at a swimming pool. In a pencil dive, you strive to make your body as slim and straight as a pencil. 
• Use the buddy system. Don't dive alone.
• Explore the water. Before diving, swim around your landing area to check the depth of the water and search for any obstacles.
• Plan your exit. Before you plunge into the water, plan where you'll get out and how you'll get back.
• Dress for success. A wetsuit adds a layer of cushioning between you and the water. Skip the water shoes, though, to reduce the surface area of the first body part that makes impact with the water.
• Keep it simple. You need to enter the water in a straight, vertical line. Any deviation from this toes-first, narrow-entry position risks injury and assures increased pain.

Equipment :
Cliff diving equipment is very minimal. Technically, all you need to cliff dive is yourself. However, there are some equipment that you should bring to make sure the cliff diving experience is safe for everyone. Also, in addition to equipment, you should also bring along friends. If something were to go wrong, you’d want people there to help you

Chain A chain is used to lower into the water to make sure the depth is safe for cliff diving. Ideally, you want a depth of 75 to 90 feet. You should also swim through the water to make sure there are no sharp rocks or other debris.

First aid kit A first aid kit should be brought along while cliff diving in case of a minor accident. For example, if you hit some debris when diving into the water, you could have a nasty cut. Your first aid kit should contain essentials like bandages, antiseptic, gauze, adhesive cloth tape and scissors.

Cell phone When cliff diving, a serious accident can occur, such as hitting a rock on the way down into the water. If this should occur, your friends that are with you will need to be able to call for help. Bring a fully charged cell phone that generally receives good reception.

Water In case there is an accident, you might be waiting for an ambulance for some time. Also, the hike up to the cliff might be long. Water will help keep you and your friends hydrated.

Hiking boots Again, the cliff might take some hiking to get there. When this is the case, you need to dress appropriately. You might dive into the water in bare feet, but that won’t cut it when hiking up a cliff.

Camera Assuming everything goes well and there are no accidents or injuries while cliff diving, you’ll want to capture the moment. Bring a camera along with you, so one of your friends can get a shot of your amazing dive.

Skateboarding

Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard. Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2002 report found that there were 18.5 million skateboarders in the world. 85 percent of skateboarders polled who had used a board in the last year were under the age of 18, and 74 percent were male.

The equipment :

• Bushing (isolator)
• Caster board
• Freeline skates
• Funbox
• Grind rail
• Half-pipe
• Kicktail
• Longboard (skateboard)
• Mega ramp
• Mini ramp
• Frank nasworthy
• Quarter pipe
• Shoe goo
• Skate shoe
• Skyhook (boarding)
• Snakeboard
• Superpipe
• Vans half cap
• Vert ramp

Tips and Tricks:

Zorbing

Zorbing (globe-riding, sphereing, orbing) is the recreation or sport of rolling downhill inside an orb, generally made of transparent plastic. Zorbing is generally performed on a gentle slope, but can also be done on a level surface in pubs and clubs around the UK, permitting more rider control. In the absence of hills some operators have constructed inflatable, wooden or metal ramps. There are two types of orbs, harnessed and non-harnessed. Non-harness orbs carry up to three riders, while the harness orbs are constructed for one to two riders. Double-harness spheres have different slope requirements, and must only be operated in specific locations. The longer runs are approximately half a mile. The first zorbing site was established in Rotorua, New Zealand, by David and Andrew Akers.

Jet skis

Jet Ski is the brand name of a personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
The name is sometimes mistakenly used by those unfamiliar with the personal watercraft
industry to refer to any type of personal watercraft; however, the name is a valid trademark
registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and in many other countries.
The term "Jet Ski" (or JetSki, often shortened to "Ski") is often mis-applied to all personal
watercraft with pivoting handlepoles manipulated by a standing rider; these are properly known
as "stand-up PWCs." The term is often mistakenly used when referring to WaveRunners, but
WaveRunner is actually the name of the Yamaha line of sit-down PWCs, whereas "Jet Ski"
refers to the Kawasaki line. Recently, a third type has also appeared, where the driver sits in the
seiza position. This type has been pioneered by Silveira Customs with their "Samba".

The Steps :

1. Get a good life vest. These come in an assortment of sizes so find the right one that fits you and be sure to test that it keeps you properly afloat in the water. Make sure the Life Jacket is USCG approved and suitable for the activity as well. Get one that is speed rated for strength so it does not fall apart if you take a major fall.
2. Get on the jet ski. Get on slowly and try to balance your weight to keep it from rocking side to side and potentially tipping over.
3. Secure the safety strap around your wrist or secure it to your life vest. It should be a small clip attached to the key. This is used as an emergency shutoff in case you fall off or just lose control, so you can pull it and the jetskiﾒs engine will shut off. Never allow the safety strap to wrap around the handlebar.
4. Remember one main things about controlling the jet skis. The older models don't have brakes so just let off the gas to slow down through the water and the only way to move is to press the gas, that is you can only turn while the motor is pushing out water because it uses a rudder to change the flow of water to propel you in different directions so if your headed toward a boat or dock you need to use the gas to turn not just stop moving or you will float in to the boat.
5. Read the manual for your vessel and understand the recommended pre launch operations checklist.

Rafting

Rafting or white water rafting is the challenging recreational outdoor activity of using an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other bodies of water. This is often done on white water or different degrees of rough water, in order to thrill and excite the raft passengers. The development of this activity as a leisure sport has become popular since the mid-1970s, evolving from individuals paddling 10 feet (3.0 m) rafts with double-bladed paddles to multi-person rafts propelled by single-bladed paddles and steered by a tour guide at the stern. It is considered an extreme sport, and can be fatal.
The modern raft is an inflatable boat, consisting of very durable, multi-layered rubberized (hypalon) or vinyl fabrics (PVC) with several independent air chambers. Typical lengths vary from 6 m (20 ft) (with a width of 2.5 m (8 ft)) down to very portable single-person packrafts which may be as small as 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long and weigh as little as 4 pounds (1.8 kg).

Techniques and Tricks :

Rafts in white water are very different vehicles than canoes or kayaks and have their own specific techniques to maneuver through whitewater obstacles. The following lists give examples of these techniques.

• Punching – Rafts carry great momentum, and on rivers hydraulics that are dodged by canoes and kayaks are often punched by rafts. This involves the rafting crew paddling the raft to give it enough speed to push through the hydraulic without getting stopped.
• High siding – If a raft is caught in a hydraulic it will often quickly go sideways. In order to stop the raft flipping on its inside edge, the rafters can climb to the side of the raft furthest downstream, which will also be the side of the raft highest in the air leading to its name. In this position the rafters may be able to use the draw stroke to pull the raft out of the head

Tricks :

• Rock splats – If the rafters load the back of the raft, they can paddle the raft into a rock on the river, having it hit the bottom of the boat instead of the nose; if done correctly this can raise the raft up vertically on its stern.
• Surfing – Commercial rafts often use waves on rivers to surf.
• Nose dunks – Large self-bailing rafts can enter hydraulics called holes from downstream and submerge their nose, or reverse taco. This can be a safe way to get rafters wet in a hydraulic.
• Pirouette – A move executed by either a sweep or draw stroke, sending the raft spinning with the current. Often useful for avoiding obstacles.
• Back Pivot - Turning the raft from a ferry angle to a bow-downstream position. Used in tight places to recover from an extreme ferry angle, this maneuver narrows the passing space of the boat and allows it to slide closely past obstructions.

Whitewater Rafting Checklist :

• Bathing Suit (if it is warm out)
• T-shirt (if it is warm out)
• Sun block and lip balm
• Sunglasses (optional)
• Eye Glass Straps (if needed)
• Old Sneakers, neoprene booties, or river shoes
• Waterproof Camera
• Energy Bar for the river (the outfitter may provide this)
• Water or Gatorade (the outfitter may provide this)
• Small Dry Bag (if they let you take it on the raft)
• Zip Lock Baggies (to keep small things dry]
• Towel or towels
• Plastic Bag(s) (for wet things such as sneakers)
• Change of Clothes (for the drive back)
• Snack and drink (for the drive back)
• Driver’s license (if renting wetsuits and other gear)

BMX Bike

A BMX bike is an off-road sport bicycle used for racing and stunt riding. BMX means bicycle motocross. Though originally denoting a bicycle intended for BMX Racing, the term "BMX bike" is now used to encompass race bikes, as well as those used for the dirt, vert, park, street, flatland and BMX freestyle disciplines of BMX. BMX frames are made of various types of steel, and (largely in the racing category) aluminum. Cheaper, low end bikes are usually made of steel. High range bikes are mostly chromoly or high tensile steel, although the latter is noticeably heavier with respect to strength. High-performance BMX bikes use lightweight 4130 chromoly, or generation 3 chromoly.
Most freestyle, street, and park BMX bikes, the wheels have 36 spokes. Race bike wheels are also usually 36 spokes, but wheels for the smallest racers, sometimes as young as three years old, can be built with 18 or 28 spokes. More aggressive riders may opt for wheels with a spoke count of up to 48 spokes, however hub and wheel combinations for this are becoming difficult to source.

BMX Tricks and tips :

Scuffing - Using feet on the tires to maintain speed, to brake, or to stall the bike.

Hitchhiker - When the rider is rolling with feet on the front pegs and holding the back tire up so that the handlebars are just skimming the ground.

Dumptruck - When the rider rides on the back wheel facing backwards, with one foot on the peg and the other foot scuffing the tire in the direction the rider is facing.

Steamroller - When a rider rolls forward with one foot on a front peg and the other foot maintaining balance while one hand holds the handlebar and the other hand holds the seat with the frame of the bike in front of the rider.

Whiplash - When a rider rolls forward and does a tailwhip while standing on the front pegs.

Because of the nasty spills riders can encounter in BMX, riders wear helmets, long-sleeved jerseys and pants, and gloves. The long-sleeves are intended to provide protection from abrasion in case of crashes. The helmets -- unlike regular cycling helmets -- feature full masks to protect the rider's entire face. Riders can also wear elbow and knee pads as well as chest protectors and shinguards, but those are less common in high-level competitions like the Olympics.